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MyBotsBlog -2M report
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| TED,Crise/Analyse de Crise,Tendances |
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| Les chroniques de Caroline Goldman |
01/09/2023 |
«Remarques diverses Confusions de l’éducation positive Le TDAH La dysphorie de genre HPI : idées reçues sur la santé psychologique de nos enfants Faire autorité face à un ado La dépression de l’enfant Une idée de rite de passage adolescent Les critiques formulées par les auditeurs sur la chronique de Caroline Goldman dans la matinale de France Inter sont particulièrement nombreuses et font ressortir des préoccupations importantes liées à l'éthique d'une radio de service public et à sa responsabilité envers ses auditeurs.
Cinq types de critiques ressortent des messages : .»
[...]
«
– L’absence de contradicteurs –
Des auditeurs soulignent l’absence de contradicteurs dans la chronique de Caroline Goldman. Ils remettent en question le choix de lui donner une tribune exclusive sans présenter des points de vue divergents. Ils craignent que ses recommandations assénées avec force soient perçues comme des vérités absolues, malgré la complexité des questions abordées. En somme, des auditeurs estiment que l’absence de débat contradictoire peut être dangereuse pour les parents qui prendraient ses conseils au pied de la lettre.
– La remise en cause de faits scientifiquement établis –
Un point de friction majeur réside dans la remise en cause par Caroline Goldman de faits scientifiques avérés. Les auditeurs sont préoccupés par le manque de vérification des informations délivrées et estiment que cela peut induire le public en erreur. Certains appellent à la prise de parole de spécialistes pour fournir un véritable éclairage médical et scientifique.
– La prédominance de la psychanalyse –
La focalisation sur la psychanalyse dans les interventions de Caroline Goldman suscite également des critiques. Certains auditeurs considèrent que cette orientation étroite nuit à la diversité des approches en psychologie. Ils s’inquiètent du fait que la psychanalyse, considérée comme obsolète dans la plupart des pays du globe, hormis en France, en Belgique, en Suisse et en Argentine, soit promue sur France Inter.
– La culpabilisation des parents –
Certains auditeurs reprochent à Caroline Goldman de culpabiliser les parents dans ses interventions. Ils estiment que son discours peut contribuer à renforcer le sentiment de faute chez certains d’entre eux, dans un contexte où l’éducation et la parentalité sont des sujets sensibles et préoccupent nombre d’entre eux.
– L’autopromotion constante –
Plusieurs auditeurs s’étonnent de l’autopromotion régulière de Caroline Goldman. Ils considèrent que cette pratique nuit à l’intégrité de la chronique et qu’elle peut être perçue comme une publicité déguisée pour ses propres livres et idées. Ce point soulève en effet une question déontologique essentielle
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mediateur.radiofrance |
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| Deux animateurs mis en examen pour abus sexuels sur enfants autistes, huit ans apres la premiere plainte | CNEWS |
08/08/2023 |
«Neuf familles d'enfants autistes avaient porté plainte en 2015 contre plusieurs animateurs d'un institut médico-éducatif de Voiron en Isère, pour abus sexuels. Huit ans plus tard, deux des animateurs ont été mis en examen.Huit ans de combat.
Deux éducateurs d'un institut médico-éducatif, poursuivis pour des agressions sexuelles sur sept enfants autistes, dont un pour viol, ont été mis en examen le 4 juillet dernier par la chambre de l'instruction, a révélé le Parisien ce mardi 8 aout.En 2015, les familles d'enfants autistes placés dans un institut spécialisé à Voiron en Isère, avaient constaté des signes inhabituels et alarmants.
Parmi ces signes, les enfants ont décrit, à leur manière, des abus dont ils auraient été victimes. Par ailleurs, les parents avaient également remarqué des marques physiques sur le corps des enfants.»
[...]
« Alors que les différentes familles ne se connaissaient pas, les dépôts de plaintes se sont multipliés, pour les mêmes faits à chaque fois.
LICENCIÉ DE L'IME POUR DÉTENTION D'IMAGES PÉDOPRONOGRAPHIQUES
Le principal mis en cause, avait été renvoyé de l’IME en 2015 pour téléchargement et détention d’images pédopornographiques. L’homme avait également été soupçonné d’avoir abusé de deux de ses neveux dans le passé, affaires classées sans suite. De son côté, la structure médico-éducative n’avait pas vérifié les antécédents judiciaires de l'animateur au moment du recrutement.
En 2016, l’affaire est classée une première fois. Après la plainte d’une nouvelle victime, la juge a appris que le mis en cause avait été écarté d’un club de football pour comportement inapproprié à l’égard de plusieurs jeunes. Il a nié les faits en bloc une fois placé en garde à vue. Ainsi, la juge avait rendu un non-lieu général en 2020.
»...
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cnews |
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| Decret n° 2023-829 du 29 aout 2023 portant creation de l'Office mineurs (OFMIN) - Legifrance |
30/08/2023 |
«Publics concernés : enquêteurs, autorités judiciaires et administrations de l'Etat (services de la Première ministre, ministère de la justice, ministère de l'intérieur et des outre-mer).Objet : création à la direction nationale de la police judiciaire d'un nouvel office judiciaire dénommé l'Office mineurs (OFMIN).Entrée en vigueur : le décret entre en vigueur le lendemain de sa publication .Notice : le décret crée l'Office mineurs (OFMIN) rattaché à la direction nationale de la police judiciaire.
En réponse à la hausse des atteintes faites aux mineurs, ce nouvel office central de police judiciaire vise à améliorer l'efficacité du traitement judiciaire de ces violences.
Il sera compétent en matière de lutte contre les infractions commises à l'encontre de mineurs, notamment en matière de lutte contre les viols et les agressions sexuelles, y compris incestueux, et leurs tentatives, commis sur un mineur, les homicides, tentatives d'homicides et autres violences graves contre l'intégrité physique ou psychique, commis sur un mineur, les faits de harcèlement et de cyberharcèlement scolaires, ainsi que pour toutes formes d'exploitation des mineurs.
La Première ministre,Sur le rapport du ministre de l'intérieur et des outre-mer et du garde des sceaux, ministre de la justice, Vu le code pénal, notamment son titre II du livre II ;Vu le code de procédure pénale, notamment ses articles R. 15-18, R. 15-21, D. 2 à D. 8-1 ;Vu la loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 modifiée relative à l'informatique, aux fichiers et aux libertés ;Vu la loi n° 2023-22 du 24 janvier 2023 d'orientation et de programmation du ministère de l'intérieur, notamment son rapport annexé ;Vu le décret n° 87-389 du 15 juin 1987 modifié relatif à l'organisation des services d'administration centrale ;Vu le décret n° 2003-372 du 15 avril 2003 portant publication du protocole facultatif à la convention relative aux droits de l'enfant, concernant la vente d'enfants, la prostitution des enfants et la pornographie mettant en scène des enfants, fait à New York le 25 mai 2000 ;Vu le décret n° 2006-519 du 6 mai 2006 portant création d'un Office central pour la répression des violences aux personnes ;Vu le décret n° 2013-728 du 12 aout 2013 modifié portant organisation de l'administration centrale du ministère de l'intérieur et du ministère des outre-mer, notamment son article 6 ;Vu le décret n° 2015-510 du 7 mai 2015 modifié portant charte de la déconcentration ;Vu l'avis du comité social d'administration de service central de réseau de la police nationale en date du 15 juin 2023,Décrète :»
[...]
« Article 1
Il est créé un office central dénommé « Office mineurs » (OFMIN), rattaché au ministère de l'intérieur et des outre-mer (direction générale de la police nationale, direction nationale de la police judiciaire).
La direction générale de la gendarmerie nationale est associée aux activités de cet office.
Cet office exerce ses missions en lien avec les services du ministère chargé de l'enfance, du ministère chargé de la jeunesse, du ministère de l'intérieur, du ministère de la justice, du ministère des affaires étrangères, du ministère chargé de l'éducation nationale, du ministère chargé de la santé, et du ministère chargé des sports.
L'action de cet office fait l'objet d'une coordination avec celle des autres offices centraux de police judiciaire exercée par la direction nationale de la police judiciaire.
Versions
Article 2
Sans préjudice de la compétence des autres offices centraux de police judiciaire, l'office est compétent en matière de lutte contre les infractions commises à l'encontre de mineurs, notamment :
• les viols et les agressions sexuelles, y compris incestueux, et leurs tentatives, commis sur un mineur ;
• toutes formes d'exploitation des mineurs ;
• les homicides, tentatives d'homicides et autres violences graves contre l'intégrité physique ou psychique, commis sur un mineur ;
• les faits de harcèlement et de cyberharcèlement scolaires, à l'exception des faits commis dans les circonstances prévues aux articles 132-76 et 132-77 du code pénal.
Versions
Liens relatifs
Article 3
L'office est chargé :
1° De procéder, sur l'ensemble du territoire national, à des enquêtes judiciaires relatives aux infractions entrant dans son champ de compétence et présentant une gravité, une complexité ou une sensibilité particulière, une dimension internationale marquée ou une suspicion de caractère sériel ;
2° D'effectuer ou poursuivre à l'étranger des recherches afférentes aux infractions entrant dans son champ de compétence ;
3° Sous le contrôle de l'autorité judiciaire, d'animer et de coordonner, à l'échelon national et au plan opérationnel, les investigations des services et unités de police judiciaire et les recherches entrant dans son domaine de compétence ;
4° D'assister, à leur demande, les services et unités de police judiciaire, le cas échéant dans le cadre de saisines conjointes décidées par l'autorité judiciaire ;
5° De collecter les signalements et informations opérationnelles auprès de divers services partenaires, français et étrangers, et des organes de coopération policière européenne et internationale et d'assurer l'exploitation de ces informations et leur diffusion à l'ensemble des services concourant à la mission et aux autorités judiciaires, tout en effectuant les liaisons nécessaires aux rapprochements entre services enquêteurs ;
6° De centraliser les informations entrant dans son domaine de compétence et dont les services territoriaux de police et de gendarmerie nationales ont connaissance ;
7° De produire un état de la menace dans son champ de compétence ;
8° De participer avec l'ensemble des partenaires concernés à la définition et à la mise en œuvre des mesures de prévention et de détection des infractions entrant dans son champ de compétence.
»...
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legifrance.gouv |
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| Why Asperger's Syndrome Is No Longer an Official Diagnosis |
29/09/2023 |
«Asperger's syndrome (also known as Asperger's disorder or simply Asperger's) was retired as an official diagnosis in 2013. Asperger's syndrome today would be diagnosed as level 1 autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Asperger's syndrome, now called level one ASD, is a developmental disorder.
A person with ASD has normal language and cognitive development with impairments in social interactions and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. People with level 1 ASD are on the highest-functioning end of the autism spectrum.This article discusses the change in Asperger's diagnosis, symptoms associated with ASD, levels of ASD, as well as where to find support.»
[...]
« What Is the New Name for Asperger’s?
The change to the DSM entry for Asperger's is somewhat controversial, as people who are not severely autistic and may have been previously diagnosed as having Asperger's now receive the same diagnosis as those who are non-verbal, intellectually challenged, and in need of significant daily support for basic life skills.
For clarity and to alleviate confusion, the DSM-5 describes three distinct levels of ASD based on the amount of support a person needs. The new definition of autism describes people as having a severity level of 1, 2, or 3:6
Level 1 ASD: "Requiring support"
Level 2 ASD: "Requiring substantial support"
Level 3 ASD: "Requiring very substantial support"
Virtually everyone with a prior Asperger's syndrome diagnosis qualifies for a level 1 diagnosis, defined as “in need of a relatively low level of support.” Individuals presenting for the first time with relatively mild symptoms of autism will receive a first-time diagnosis of level 1 autism spectrum disorder as well, though this may be reassessed over time.
What Are the Different Types of Autism?
Level 1
Those with level 1 ASD can speak in full sentences and engage in communication but they may struggle with back-and-forth conversation. In addition, their attempts to make friends may appear odd and are typically unsuccessful.
Social communication is categorized as follows for level 1 ASD:6
Without support in place, deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments
Difficulty initiating social interactions and shows atypical or unsuccessful responses to social cues
May appear to have decreased interest in social interactions
Restricted, repetitive behaviors for level 1 ASD include:6
Inflexibility of behavior causes significant interference with functioning in one or more contexts.
The person has difficulty switching between activities.
Problems of organization and planning hamper independence.
Levels 2 and 3
For level 2 ASD, deficits are apparent even with support in place, and restricted or repetitive behaviors appear frequently enough to be noticeable and interfere with functioning in a variety of contexts.
Level 3 ASD is described as severe deficits that cause severe impairments in functioning and behaviors that are severe and interfere in all contexts.
People with Asperger's syndrome do not exhibit these deficits or levels of impairment in functioning.
Continued Use of the Name
Despite being excluded from the DSM-5, Asperger's syndrome is still used sometimes in both the United States and other countries. A common reason for this is that a diagnosis of ASD can carry stigma, and people who were previously diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome may still identify with the term and prefer it.
A 2017 study analyzing the effect of removing Asperger's syndrome from the DSM found the change "has the potential to threaten the identity of those affected," citing autism as a stigmatizing diagnostic label.7 Some advocacy groups and organizations continue to use the term as well, at least in part because some people continue to identify as having Asperger's, not autism.
Even so, medical consensus continues to move away from the Asperger's syndrome diagnosis. Following the DSM's lead, the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which took effect on January 1, 2022, has moved Asperger's syndrome under the autism spectrum disorder umbrella. The ICD-11 will be used by all World Health Organization member states.8
»...
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verywellhealth |
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| Why Asperger's Syndrome Is No Longer an Official Diagnosis |
29/09/2023 |
«Asperger's syndrome (also known as Asperger's disorder or simply Asperger's) was retired as an official diagnosis in 2013. Asperger's syndrome today would be diagnosed as level 1 autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Asperger's syndrome, now called level one ASD, is a developmental disorder.
A person with ASD has normal language and cognitive development with impairments in social interactions and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. People with level 1 ASD are on the highest-functioning end of the autism spectrum.This article discusses the change in Asperger's diagnosis, symptoms associated with ASD, levels of ASD, as well as where to find support.»
[...]
« What Is the New Name for Asperger’s?
The change to the DSM entry for Asperger's is somewhat controversial, as people who are not severely autistic and may have been previously diagnosed as having Asperger's now receive the same diagnosis as those who are non-verbal, intellectually challenged, and in need of significant daily support for basic life skills.
For clarity and to alleviate confusion, the DSM-5 describes three distinct levels of ASD based on the amount of support a person needs. The new definition of autism describes people as having a severity level of 1, 2, or 3:6
Level 1 ASD: "Requiring support"
Level 2 ASD: "Requiring substantial support"
Level 3 ASD: "Requiring very substantial support"
Virtually everyone with a prior Asperger's syndrome diagnosis qualifies for a level 1 diagnosis, defined as “in need of a relatively low level of support.” Individuals presenting for the first time with relatively mild symptoms of autism will receive a first-time diagnosis of level 1 autism spectrum disorder as well, though this may be reassessed over time.
What Are the Different Types of Autism?
Level 1
Those with level 1 ASD can speak in full sentences and engage in communication but they may struggle with back-and-forth conversation. In addition, their attempts to make friends may appear odd and are typically unsuccessful.
Social communication is categorized as follows for level 1 ASD:6
Without support in place, deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments
Difficulty initiating social interactions and shows atypical or unsuccessful responses to social cues
May appear to have decreased interest in social interactions
Restricted, repetitive behaviors for level 1 ASD include:6
Inflexibility of behavior causes significant interference with functioning in one or more contexts.
The person has difficulty switching between activities.
Problems of organization and planning hamper independence.
Levels 2 and 3
For level 2 ASD, deficits are apparent even with support in place, and restricted or repetitive behaviors appear frequently enough to be noticeable and interfere with functioning in a variety of contexts.
Level 3 ASD is described as severe deficits that cause severe impairments in functioning and behaviors that are severe and interfere in all contexts.
People with Asperger's syndrome do not exhibit these deficits or levels of impairment in functioning.
Continued Use of the Name
Despite being excluded from the DSM-5, Asperger's syndrome is still used sometimes in both the United States and other countries. A common reason for this is that a diagnosis of ASD can carry stigma, and people who were previously diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome may still identify with the term and prefer it.
A 2017 study analyzing the effect of removing Asperger's syndrome from the DSM found the change "has the potential to threaten the identity of those affected," citing autism as a stigmatizing diagnostic label.7 Some advocacy groups and organizations continue to use the term as well, at least in part because some people continue to identify as having Asperger's, not autism.
Even so, medical consensus continues to move away from the Asperger's syndrome diagnosis. Following the DSM's lead, the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which took effect on January 1, 2022, has moved Asperger's syndrome under the autism spectrum disorder umbrella. The ICD-11 will be used by all World Health Organization member states.8
»...
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verywellhealth |
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| New research sheds light on origins of social behaviors |
07/09/2023 |
«New research from Cornell University biologists suggests the fruit fly's visual system, not just chemical receptors, are deeply involved with their social behaviors. The work sheds light on the possible origin of differences in human social behaviors, such as those seen in people with bipolar disorder and autism.The paper, "Visual Feedback Neurons Fine-tune Drosophila Male Courtship via GABA-mediated Inhibition," published in Current Biology on Sept.
5.»...
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sciencedaily |
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| GABA-mediated inhibition in visual feedback neurons fine-tunes Drosophila male courtship - PubMed |
07/09/2023 |
«Abstract Vision is critical for the regulation of mating behaviors in many species. Here, we discovered that the Drosophila ortholog of human GABA A -receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is required to fine-tune male courtship by modulating the activity of visual feedback neurons, lamina tangential cells (Lat). GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like protein that regulates cell-surface levels of GABA A receptors.
Knocking down GABARAP or GABA A receptors in Lat neurons or hyperactivating them induces male courtship toward other males. Inhibiting Lat neurons, on the other hand, delays copulation by impairing the ability of males to follow females.
Remarkably, the human ortholog of Drosophila GABARAP restores function in Lat neurons. Using in vivo two-photon imaging and optogenetics, we show that Lat neurons are functionally connected to neural circuits that mediate visually-guided courtship pursuits in males.
Our work reveals a novel physiological role for GABARAP in fine-tuning the activity of a visual circuit that tracks a mating partner during courtship.»...
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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih |
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| Cardiorespiratory fitness and incident use of anxiolytics and antidepressants in adults. A linkage study between HUNT and the Norwegian Prescription Database - ScienceDirect |
07/09/2023 |
«Abstract BackgroundWe investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and incident use of antidepressants or anxiolytics in the general adult population.MethodsA non-exercise prediction model was used to estimate CRF in 32,603 participants in the third wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3; 2006-08). Data on first purchase of antidepressants and anxiolytics were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database.
Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).»
[...]
« Results
Each 1- metabolic equivalent of task (MET) increase in CRF was associated with 4 % reduced risk of purchasing antidepressant or anxiolytic medication during follow-up (HR 0.96, 95 % Confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.98). Compared to the low CRF tertile, participants in intermediate (HR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.87–0.98) and high (HR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.86–0.98) CRF tertiles had reduced risk of medication purchase. Men in intermediate and high CRF tertile had lower risk of medication purchase (intermediate HR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.79–0.96; high HR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.78–0.96). Intermediate and high CRF tertiles were associated with reduced risk of medication use for younger adults (20 to <30 years old; intermediate HR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61–0.91, high HR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.64–0.95) and middle-aged adults (30 to <65 years old; intermediate HR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.83–0.97, high HR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.84–0.98), but not in older adults (≥65 years old).
»...
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sciencedirect |
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| Physical fitness may reduce need for psychiatric medications |
07/09/2023 |
«Being fit doesn't just help your body -- it also helps your mind, a new study reports.People in better physical condition appear to have less need for drugs to treat mood disorders, Norwegian researchers have found.ADVERTISEMENT"We find that people who are in better shape fill fewer prescriptions for anxiety and depression medications," said senior author Linda Ernstsen, an associate professor of public health and nursing at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.»...
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upi |
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| Depister le psychotraumatisme des personnes autistes victimes de violences et violences sexuelles - Diagnostic etat de stress post-traumatique ESPT |
04/09/2023 |
«L'état de la littérature scientifique* montre de manière constante que les personnes autistes courent un risque accru de subir des violences ( Hoover, 2015 ; Rumball, 2019 ).Par rapport au groupe témoin, McDonnell et al.
(2019) ont constaté une augmentation significative des taux de violence physique chez les enfants autistes, et les adultes autistes signalent des taux de violence physique pendant l'enfance plus élevés que les témoins non autistes ( Gibbs et al., 2021 ; Weiss & Fardella, 2018 ).S'appuyant sur le rapport des soignants, Mandell et al.
(2005) ont rapporté que 18,5 % des enfants autistes avaient été victimes de violence physique. Le risque accru de victimisation semble se poursuivre à l'âge adulte ( Gibbs et al., 2022 ; Rumball, Brook, et al., 2021 ;Weiss & Fardella, 2018 ), Gibbs et Pellicano (2023) rapportant que la violence était perçue comme si courante par les adultes autistes que de telles expériences étaient devenues normalisées.Les personnes autistes, en particulier les filles et les femmes autistes, courent un risque accru d'être victimes de violences sexuelles ( Bargiela et al., 2016 ; Brown-Lavoie et al., 2014 ; Christoffersen, 2022 ; Dike et al., 2022 ; Gibbs et al.
, 2021 ; Gotby et al., 2018 ; Mandell et al., 2005 ; Pecora et al., 2019 ; Rumball, Brook, et al., 2021 ; Weiss et Fardella, 2018 ) Une récente étude norvégienne met en avant la nécessité du dépistage du syndrome de stress post-traumatique.»
[...]
«Qu’en est-il du repérage psychotraumatique sur cette population à risque ?
Une récente étude norvégienne met en avant la nécessité du dépistage du syndrome de stress post-traumatique.
Étude : Trouble de stress post-traumatique et expériences impliquant des violences ou des violences sexuelels dans un échantillon clinique d’adultes autistes ayant une déficience intellectuelle
Les expériences antérieures impliquant des violences ou des violences sexuelles étaient courantes dans un échantillon clinique d’adultes autistes ayant une déficience intellectuelle, soulignent l’importance du dépistage et de l’évaluation des traumatismes dans cette population.
Peu de participants ont reçu un diagnostic de SSPT ( Syndrome de Stress Post-Traumatique ), ce qui suggère que le SSPT reste un diagnostic sous-utilisé dans cette population. De plus, l’étude précise qu’il est peu probable que les changements émotionnels et comportementaux associés à une expérience traumatisante se reflètent dans les diagnostics de santé mentale de ces personnes.
Plusieurs mécanismes potentiels expliquent ce manque de reconnaissance possibles :
le chevauchement des manifestations comportementales du SSPT et des troubles anxieux/dépressifs,
l’incapacité à explorer la signification du traumatisme pour ces individus,
le diagnostic du SSPT nécessite des déductions plus approfondies que le diagnostic de l’anxiété/dépression chez les individus ayant des compétences de communication verbale limitées,
les professionnel-les de santé s’étant habitués au stress et à l’anxiété chez les personnes autistes, les considèrent donc comme intrinsèques à l’autisme.
Enfin, les associations identifiées entre la violence, les violences sexuelles et une mesure des comportements « difficiles » confirment davantage le lien précédemment identifié entre les symptômes de traumatisme/ESPT ( État de stress post-traumatique ) et les comportements « difficiles ».
»...
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femmesautistesfrancophones |
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| Depister le psychotraumatisme des personnes autistes victimes de violences et violences sexuelles - Diagnostic etat de stress post-traumatique ESPT |
04/09/2023 |
«L'état de la littérature scientifique* montre de manière constante que les personnes autistes courent un risque accru de subir des violences ( Hoover, 2015 ; Rumball, 2019 ).Par rapport au groupe témoin, McDonnell et al.
(2019) ont constaté une augmentation significative des taux de violence physique chez les enfants autistes, et les adultes autistes signalent des taux de violence physique pendant l'enfance plus élevés que les témoins non autistes ( Gibbs et al., 2021 ; Weiss & Fardella, 2018 ).S'appuyant sur le rapport des soignants, Mandell et al.
(2005) ont rapporté que 18,5 % des enfants autistes avaient été victimes de violence physique. Le risque accru de victimisation semble se poursuivre à l'âge adulte ( Gibbs et al., 2022 ; Rumball, Brook, et al., 2021 ;Weiss & Fardella, 2018 ), Gibbs et Pellicano (2023) rapportant que la violence était perçue comme si courante par les adultes autistes que de telles expériences étaient devenues normalisées.Les personnes autistes, en particulier les filles et les femmes autistes, courent un risque accru d'être victimes de violences sexuelles ( Bargiela et al., 2016 ; Brown-Lavoie et al., 2014 ; Christoffersen, 2022 ; Dike et al., 2022 ; Gibbs et al.
, 2021 ; Gotby et al., 2018 ; Mandell et al., 2005 ; Pecora et al., 2019 ; Rumball, Brook, et al., 2021 ; Weiss et Fardella, 2018 ) Une récente étude norvégienne met en avant la nécessité du dépistage du syndrome de stress post-traumatique.»
[...]
«Qu’en est-il du repérage psychotraumatique sur cette population à risque ?
Une récente étude norvégienne met en avant la nécessité du dépistage du syndrome de stress post-traumatique.
Étude : Trouble de stress post-traumatique et expériences impliquant des violences ou des violences sexuelels dans un échantillon clinique d’adultes autistes ayant une déficience intellectuelle
Les expériences antérieures impliquant des violences ou des violences sexuelles étaient courantes dans un échantillon clinique d’adultes autistes ayant une déficience intellectuelle, soulignent l’importance du dépistage et de l’évaluation des traumatismes dans cette population.
Peu de participants ont reçu un diagnostic de SSPT ( Syndrome de Stress Post-Traumatique ), ce qui suggère que le SSPT reste un diagnostic sous-utilisé dans cette population. De plus, l’étude précise qu’il est peu probable que les changements émotionnels et comportementaux associés à une expérience traumatisante se reflètent dans les diagnostics de santé mentale de ces personnes.
Plusieurs mécanismes potentiels expliquent ce manque de reconnaissance possibles :
le chevauchement des manifestations comportementales du SSPT et des troubles anxieux/dépressifs,
l’incapacité à explorer la signification du traumatisme pour ces individus,
le diagnostic du SSPT nécessite des déductions plus approfondies que le diagnostic de l’anxiété/dépression chez les individus ayant des compétences de communication verbale limitées,
les professionnel-les de santé s’étant habitués au stress et à l’anxiété chez les personnes autistes, les considèrent donc comme intrinsèques à l’autisme.
Enfin, les associations identifiées entre la violence, les violences sexuelles et une mesure des comportements « difficiles » confirment davantage le lien précédemment identifié entre les symptômes de traumatisme/ESPT ( État de stress post-traumatique ) et les comportements « difficiles ».
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femmesautistesfrancophones |
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| Scientists discover new microglial population important for memory and learning |
01/09/2023 |
«Following more than seven years of research, researchers at the University of Seville-IBiS (Institute of Biomedicine of Seville) have identified a new key cell type with a critical role in the developmental processes of memory and learning.
This breakthrough has been published in the prestigious journal Nature Neuroscience.The research, led jointly by the University of Seville-IBiS and Karolinska Institutet, helps to understand how neural systems with decisive functions for human behavior mature.
The in-depth study highlights the role of microglia, a group of cells that has been the subject of substantial information in recent years due to its involvement in various brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease.»
[...]
« Microglia and their role in brain development
A group of immune cells found in the central nervous system (CNS) is known as microglia. These cells act as the CNS's first line of defense against injury, infection and other threats. They also play a major role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis, eliminating waste and remodeling synapses (the connections between neurons).
Microglia have historically been defined as the macrophages of the brain, and as such belong to the innate immune system. However, it is a very dynamic cell and it is becoming increasingly clear that this group also plays a decisive role in very important functions of the central nervous system: in brain connectivity, in neurogenesis regulation [the appearance of new neurons], in neuronal excitability regulation, etc.".
José Luis Venero, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Seville and Head Researcher of the Neuronal Ageing Group at IBiS
During the development of the central nervous system, in the early embryonic and early postnatal stages, numerous neural systems are connected. This is what makes up the CNS. Microglia play a key role in this process. Potential alterations during these phases are related to neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and various cognitive problems.
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news-medical |
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| Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others - Paul AG Forbes, Irini Chaliani, Leonhard Schilbach, Tobias Kalenscher, 2023 |
28/08/2023 |
«Abstract Sharing resources is fundamental for human cooperation and survival. People tend to share resources more with individuals they feel close to compared to those who are more socially distant.
This decline in generosity at increasing social distance is called social discounting and is influenced by both social traits and abilities, such as empathy, and non-social psychological factors, such as decision-making biases.
People who receive a diagnosis of autism show differences in social interaction as well as displaying differences in non-social domains, such as more restricted and repetitive behaviours.
We investigated social discounting in autism and found that autistic adults were more generous than neurotypical participants, which was driven by greater generosity to socially distant others.
Crucially, we also investigated framing effects during prosocial decision-making. Autistic participants were less susceptible to whether decisions were framed as causing monetary gains, compared to preventing monetary losses, for the potential recipient.
Our results support the view of ...˜enhanced rationality' in autism as participants' prosocial decisions were less influenced by potential biasing information, such as the closeness of the recipient or how choices were framed.
Therefore, the differences seen in autism, as well as posing certain challenges, can also have prosocial consequences.»...
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journals.sagepub |
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| Social circuits and their dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder | Molecular Psychiatry |
24/08/2023 |
«Abstract Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are widely seen across species. Rodents display various social behaviors, and many different behavioral paradigms have been used for investigating their neural circuit bases.
Social behavior is highly vulnerable to brain network dysfunction caused by neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Studying mouse models of ASD provides a promising avenue toward elucidating mechanisms of abnormal social behavior and potential therapeutic targets for treatment.
In this review, we outline recent progress and key findings on neural circuit mechanisms underlying social behavior, with particular emphasis on rodent studies that monitor and manipulate the activity of specific circuits using modern systems neuroscience approaches.
Social behavior is mediated by a distributed brain-wide network among major cortical (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex (IC)) and subcortical (e.g., nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral tegmental area) structures, influenced by multiple neuromodulatory systems (e.g., oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin). We particularly draw special attention to IC as a unique cortical area that mediates multisensory integration, encoding of ongoing social interaction, social decision-making, emotion, and empathy.
Additionally, a synthesis of studies investigating ASD mouse models demonstrates that dysfunctions in mPFC-BLA circuitry and neuromodulation are prominent. Pharmacological rescues by local or systemic (e.g., oral) administration of various drugs have provided valuable clues for developing new therapeutic agents for ASD. Future efforts and technological advances will push forward the next frontiers in this field, such as the elucidation of brain-wide network activity and inter-brain neural dynamics during real and virtual social interactions, and the establishment of circuit-based therapy for disorders affecting social functions.»...
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nature |
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| Post-traumatic stress disorder and experiences involving violence or sexual abuse in a clinical sample of autistic adults with intellectual disabilities: Prevalence and clinical correlates - Arvid Nikolai Kildahl, Sissel Berge Helverschou, 2023 |
23/08/2023 |
«AbstractAutistic people appear to be at increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences involving violence or sexual abuse appear to be common in this population.
However, knowledge concerning trauma in autistic people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities is limited. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the prevalence and clinical correlates of reported experiences of violence and sexual abuse, in a clinical sample of 88 autistic adults with intellectual disabilities referred for mental health assessment.
Only three participants (3.4%) were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, even if experiences involving violence (34.1%) or sexual abuse (17.0%) were common. Anxiety and affective disorders were common diagnoses among participants with these experiences.
Controlling for autism characteristics, level of intellectual disability and communication skills, experiences of violence/sexual abuse were found to be associated with a measure of ...˜challenging' behaviours (Aberrant Behaviour Checklist). These results indicate that potentially traumatic experiences are common in autistic adults with intellectual disabilities referred for mental health assessment and that post-traumatic stress disorder may be under-recognised.
The findings highlight the importance of trauma screening and post-traumatic stress disorder assessment, as well as the importance of trauma-informed care, in this population.»...
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journals.sagepub |
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| Cureus | Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review and Analysis of the Risks and Benefits | Article |
10/08/2023 |
«Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition made up of enduring challenges in social communication and interaction and the presence of repetitive and restricted behavior patterns.
Early diagnosis of autism is crucial for timely intervention and improved long-term outcomes. This review aims to explore some of its signs and symptoms, look into some diagnostic tools, and analyze the benefits and risks associated with an early diagnosis of autism.The symptoms of ASD vary from child to child, some of which are: avoidance of eye contact, lack of response to names, excessive fear, and lack of interactive and pretend play.
Early identification of these symptoms by caregivers and healthcare providers facilitates the need for diagnosis and appropriate interventions. Some screening and diagnostic tools that have been found to help make the diagnosis are the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), amongst others.The benefits of early diagnosis include the opportunity for early intervention, which has been shown to enhance developmental outcomes and improve adaptive skills.
Early identification allows for the implementation of specialized interventions tailored to the specific needs of individuals with autism, targeting social communication, language development, and behavioral challenges.
Furthermore, early diagnosis enables families to access appropriate support services, educational resources, and community programs, facilitating better coping mechanisms, reducing parental stress, and increasing adult independence.However, early diagnosis of autism also entails certain risks.
One significant concern is the potential for labeling and stigmatization, which can impact the child's self-esteem and social interactions. There is a risk of overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary interventions and treatments.
Additionally, the diagnostic process can be lengthy, complex, and emotionally challenging for families, requiring comprehensive assessments by multidisciplinary teams.This review highlights the importance of a balanced approach when considering the benefits and risks of early diagnosis.
Early identification allows for timely interventions that significantly improve developmental outcomes and quality of life for individuals with autism. To mitigate the risks, it is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable diagnostic procedures, support families throughout the process, and promote societal awareness and acceptance.
We also highlighted some future directions in the management of autism, including the use of biomarkers and the use of artificial intelligence and learning for diagnosing ASD.»...
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cureus |
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| Stanford's Meta-Study Unravels the Link Between Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia - Gilmore Health News |
10/08/2023 |
«Childhood's Echo in Adulthood Childhood traumas have been observed to cast long, intricate patterns on adult lives. Emotional difficulties in adulthood, especially the profound challenge of identifying and expressing personal emotions, are often predicted by these traumas.
Additionally, the ability to grasp the emotions of others is sometimes hindered by these early experiences.Depressed PersonRead Alexithymia UnveiledThe term ...˜alexithymia' has been introduced to the world, describing the sensation of being overwhelmed by an emotion yet found at a loss for words.
This phenomenon isn't merely a fleeting feeling; it's identified as a persistent trait. Its roots, as research suggests, are often anchored in childhood traumas.Stanford's RevelationsA comprehensive meta-analysis was undertaken by Stanford University.
Published in the esteemed journal Psychological Bulletin, a connection between alexithymia and various forms of childhood maltreatment was unveiled. Alexithymia's association with childhood traumas was solidified by this research.»...
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gilmorehealth |
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| New research examines emotional regulation in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder |
06/08/2023 |
«A recent study published in Development and Psychopathology sheds light on the emotional and physiological differences observed in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These siblings have an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with ASD themselves, making their development a crucial area of investigation.Previous research has already identified physiological differences in typical children during emotionally charged tasks.
By unraveling these differences in the context of siblings of children with ASD, we can gain valuable insights into both typical and atypical child development.»
[...]
« The study’s results revealed that at 24 months of age, IL infants who were later classified with ASD displayed notable differences compared to children not classified with ASD. Specifically, they showed higher levels of negative emotions, displayed differences in gaze, and had a greater increase in heart rate during emotionally charged tasks.
The IL infants who were later classified with ASD spent more time looking at the baseline task compared to the other two groups. This means they showed less interest in the emotionally salient tasks.
The IL infants who were later classified with ASD showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline during the toy removal and negative tasks compared to the LL group. This suggests that they had more intense physiological arousal in response to these emotionally challenging tasks.
These differences could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms related to the emergence of ASD symptoms in these children.
While these findings provide crucial information for identifying differences in child development between those with autism and those without, it’s essential to acknowledge certain limitations. The study focused on a specific group of siblings, so the results may not directly apply to children with autism who don’t have siblings with the condition. Additionally, due to pandemic restrictions, some evaluations had to be adapted, and important data such as height and weight measurements were not available.
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psypost |
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| Screen time and diagnoses of anxiety and depression in autistic versus neurotypical youth - ScienceDirect |
05/08/2023 |
«AbstractBackgroundAutistic youth engage in higher levels of screen time and are more likely to have mental health conditions (e.g., anxiety and depression) than their neurotypical peers; however, no study has compared the relationship between daily screen time hours and mental health in autistic and neurotypical youth.
Therefore, this study sought to compare the association between parent-reported daily screen time hours and parent-reported anxiety and depression in a large, nationally derived sample of autistic and neurotypical youth (i.e., with data from the National Survey of Children's Health).»
[...]
«Conclusions
Results indicate that autistic children may have a different relationship with electronic screen media than neurotypical children. Whereas neurotypical youth find electronic screen media to be a source of social stress and comparison, autistic youth may not experience screen time as stress-inducing. Supporters (e.g., parents and clinicians) of autistic youth should consider whether the autistic child experiences screen time as promotive, reductive, or neither for their mental health before establishing screen time limits.
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sciencedirect |
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| Whistle Blowing,Tendances |
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| Arrete du 28 juillet 2023 portant renouvellement de l'agrement de l'association Transparency International France en vue de l'exercice des droits de la partie civile - Legifrance |
03/08/2023 |
«Arrêté du 28 juillet 2023 portant renouvellement de l'agrément de l'association Transparency International France en vue de l'exercice des droits de la partie civile NOR : JUSD2320790AELI : n°0178 du 3 aout 2023 Texte Le garde des sceaux, ministre de la justice,Vu le code de procédure pénale, notamment l'article 2-23 ;Vu le décret n° 2014-327 du 12 mars 2014 relatif aux conditions d'agrément des associations de lutte contre la corruption en vue de l'exercice des droits reconnus à la partie civile ;Vu l'arrêté du 27 mars 2014 relatif à l'agrément des associations de lutte contre la corruption en vue de l'exercice des droits reconnus à la partie civile ;Vu l'arrêté du 22 octobre 2014 portant agrément de l'association Transparency International France en vue de l'exercice des droits de la partie civile ;Vu l'arrêté du 12 octobre 2017 portant agrément de l'association Transparency International France en vue de l'exercice des droits de la partie civile ;Vu l'arrêté du 4 septembre 2020 portant renouvellement de l'agrément de l'association Transparency International France pour une durée de 3 ans à compter du 12 octobre 2020 ;Vu la demande de renouvellement d'agrément déposée par l'association Transparency International France, ayant son siège social sis 14, passage Dubail, 75010 Paris, le 1er juin 2023 et complétée le 15 juin 2023 ;.»
[...]
« Article 1
L'agrément de l'association Transparency International France, ayant son siège social sis 14, passage Dubail, 75010 Paris, est renouvelé pour une durée de trois ans à compter du 12 octobre 2023.
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legifrance.gouv |
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